Froth Flotation is a versatile separation mechanism that
has allowed the selective processing of low grade and complex
ores. Through the use of additive chemicals to a pulp of the
ore being treated, differences in the physical or chemical
properties of minerals in the pulp are intensified.
Some
minerals become aerophilic (or hydrophobic - higher affinity
for air than water) and are then floated out of the pulp
suspension by attachment to micro-bubbles created in the
flotation process. The particles must be fine enough for
the bubble to have sufficient buoyancy to rise to the surface
and create froth. In other instances the mineral becomes
aerophobic, where the waste material is separated into the
float fraction.
Additional reagents may have to be added, dependant on
the material characteristics, such as frothers (to create
a stable froth), and collectors (which adsorb on mineral
surfaces and facilitate bubble attachment) .
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